Teackle, Littleton Dennis, 1777-1848

Born in 1777 to John and Elizabeth Dennis Teackle, Littleton Dennis Teackle led a life that took him far beyond his birthplace of Accomack County, Virginia, before he settled down in Somerset County, Maryland. He spent time in Philadelphia in his early years and attended Columbia University in New York before embarking on a trans-Atlantic tour that laid the foundations for the rest of his life.

Littleton’s “grand tour”

Between March and December 1799, Littleton Dennis Teackle embarked on what truly can be described as a “grand tour.” The site was the center of the ongoing Industrial Revolution: Great Britain. What is also significant about the timing of Teackle’s voyage is its occurrence at the tail end of the French Revolution (ending November 1799) and before the Napoleonic Wars (beginning around 1803). His voyage across the Atlantic itself illustrated the dangers involved in transoceanic travel during this period of global political upheaval.

The twenty-two-year-old Teackle set off from his home on the Eastern Shore of Virginia on March 25, 1799, filled with anxiety and fear of the travel before him. “[M]y heart bursting with affectionate distress,” Teackle wrote, “I bade adieu to my Dearest kindred & my Parent abode.” Together with his close friend and Scotsman, Andrew Donaldson Campbell, Teackle rode a coach northward from Kegotank, Virginia, through Snow Hill in Somerset County, Maryland, and into Wilmington, Delaware. By Teackle’s account, the ride aboard the lumbering coach proved uneventful despite the exchange of passengers along the way, which “increased & diminished, but never of the most refined order.”^[1]

From Dover, the party traveled to Philadelphia where Teackle began scouting out ships that could take him across the Atlantic. Finding a suitable vessel – the Asia – Teackle rented a “State-room” at the City Hotel and spent the remainder of his time in Philadelphia running errands and attending social events in the city.^[2]

Before disembarking for Europe, Littleton Dennis Teackle came into charge of a series of important diplomatic dispatches which he listed at length in volume one of his travel journals. Communications included letters from the US Secretary of State and the American minister to England meant for their British counterparts, letters for factory owners in Manchester and Liverpool, letters protecting Teackle from any British ships of war he may encounter on his voyage, and letters introducing Teackle into English political and social circles (including two written by Teackle’s uncle and United States Congressman, John Dennis, and one introducing him to Robert Barclay). Overall, the correspondence Teackle carried with him was so important that he “was severally instructed to commit [the letters] to the deep in case of imminent danger of capture.”^[3]

By April 8, 1799, the Asia sailed out of the Delaware River at Cape Henlopen into the Atlantic Ocean. He would not see the shores of England until May 12. The voyage of the Asia was, by Teackle’s account, a rough one. On several occasions, Teackle observed “violent squalls and mountainous seas.” The severe weather forced some aboard to throw “overboard a number of casks of water & passed a quantity of Wood after” and the captain instructed the crew to place the deadlights^[4] “for the first time” in the Asia’s three-year existence. “The Storms which we have experienced, displayed scenes the most awfully grand and Picturesque, -- only to be conceived by those who have been witnesses of such, -- they afford us terrific luxuriance, compensating the horrors they inspire, and exalting, in a proper degree, an Idea of the Great Primum Mobile (Prime Mover).”^[5]

But Teackle witnessed more than severe weather on his voyage. He witnessed porpoises and herring dashing around the ship. On April 17, 1799, “two Monstrous whales” appeared. “They approach[ed] the Asia spouting floods of water up in the air, till gravitation returns it in torrents to its mother ocean.”^[6] Though Teackle used his sea journal to practice his nautical navigational skills, he also recorded the scenes of nature that he may not have expected to witness when the Asia launched from the Delaware river over one week earlier.

Teackle’s voyage on the Asia also involved close encounters with unknown vessels each of which carried with it, under the intense geopolitical climate of the turn of the 19th century, the potential for conflict. The captain of the Asia divided passengers into ranks to be taken should the vessel come under attack. “The Passengers are to act as Marines,” Teackle wrote. “My friend A.D. Campbell, has the honor of an appointment as Captain – myself as lieutenant…our part are well armed and accoutered – a fire-lock – & Pistol and a hangar,^[7] – twice a day we have a Parade, & carry them thro’ the differen[t] evolutions.” Littleton Dennis Teackle itched to prove himself should the opportunity arise. “We are all determin’d [sic] to have some shooting before we surrender the Asia, if there appears a chance to save her.”^[8]

In early May 1799, the Asia encountered an unidentified vessel around the Portuguese controlled islands of the Azores. Fearing the vessel came from England’s geopolitical rival France, the crew and passengers of the Asia prepared to “Fire!” But the preparations were for naught. Instead, the ship Lively came from Cape Horn – possibly an English vessel – laden with a sickly crew. The Asia shared some of their provisions with the Lively, battled “ennui” together for a brief time, then went their separate ways. Armed conflict never befell those aboard the Asia.^[9]

Soon, Teackle and the Asia caught glimpses of “Albion’s chalky cliffs.” The maritime voyage began to weigh upon Teackle by May signaled by his remark on May 11, 1799, “I long to be upon Terra-Firma [sic].” Finally, nearing the coast of England, the passengers aboard the Asia boarded a small boat which conveyed them to Port of Weymouth. After haggling with fee-gouging port inspectors, Teackle finally bribed the officials to “grease the wheels” of immigration and headed for the Crown Inn in Weymouth proper. When he returned to the port the following day to procure a passport, Teackle and Campbell were mistaken as two Irishmen. Wishing not to cause a confrontation, Teackle played along to ease his entry into England. Privately, however, Teackle derided William Weston, the “Collector of the Customs” at the port of Weymouth, as an “ignoramus.”^[10]

Between the time he arrived at Weymouth, England, on May 12, 1799, and the moment he left the British Isles for the United States, Littleton Dennis Teackle’s grand tour consisted primarily of two aims: social networking amongst England’s elite and observing as much of England’s manufacturing and industry as possible.

Winding his way to London through various villages, Teackle finally arrived in the capital in mid-May. He immediate set forth delivering the correspondence he had been charged with to their appropriate recipients about town. When he returned home each night, he recorded the sights and sounds of London as well as who all he visited with that day. On May 17, 1799, Teackle visited with the revered painter, Benjamin West, then visited an art exhibition during the day, and ended the evening at a dinner with London socialites. Throughout his visits and social engagements, Teackle made sure to reassure his parents of his strict adherence to respectability. (Teackle even left one masquerade party and another dinner early because of their perceived depravity and debauchery.)^[11]

On May 23, Teackle met with Sir Benjamin Thompson, a native of the United States who stayed Loyal to Great Britain during the Revolutionary War. When Teackle met him, Thompson was known as Count Rumford. The following day, Teackle met with a group of learned people with whom he discussed the issue of slavery and abolition. On the 26th, Teackle attended a service at the Abbey of Westminster then visited the House of Lords the next day.^[12]

Perhaps one of the most indelible experiences for Littleton Dennis Teackle came not in the form of a social introduction to an elite merchant, but in his observations of Ranelagh Gardens in Chelsea. Always observant of architecture wherever he roamed, Teackle took particular note of the rotunda and other features of Ranelagh Garden. He later incorporated certain features of the various gardens he visited across England and Scotland in the designs for his Teackle Mansion in Princess Anne, Maryland.^[13]

It was not until June 2, 1799, that Littleton Dennis Teackle toured his first factory. Traveling over the London bridge to Windsor, Teackle made his way to the small village of Wandsworth, the home of “several Manufactories…namely those of Bolting cloths – Printing of Calicos & Kerseymeres – whitening & pressing stuffs – as well as several Oil-mills & distilleries.” It would be the first of many factories that Teackle would observe from London to Birmingham to Liverpool over the course of three months. After his tour of the factories in Wandsworth, Teackle took voluminous notes on the architecture of Windsor castle and Eton before heading back to London where, on June 3, Teackle visited the Bank of England and more “Warehouses of Merchandize.”^[14]

By the second week of June, after visiting several smaller towns around the city, Teackle prepared to leave London. On June 18, Teackle departed London with a French émigré named “Monsieur de Placent” – a former noblemen ruined by the French Revolution. The duo traveled by coach through the countryside northwest towards Oxford. Upon entering the town, Teackle met the Duke of York then commented at length upon the architecture of Oxford. But Teackle’s stay in Oxford was merely a stopover.^[15]

Departing the next morning towards Coventry, Teackle again observed the English countryside dotted by factories. While traveling through Woodstock – home of the stately Blenheim Palace which he visited – Teackle noted that  “the Inhabitants are chiefly employed in the Steel Manufactory, which has been brought to the highest perfection in this place.” A thirty miles further near the town of Towcester, Teackle observed “a considerable Manufacture of Lace, & a small one of Silk Stockings, to each of which we did not fail to make a visit.” And near “Potters Prey” [Potterspury], Teackle noted a factory for “Coarse-Earthenware.” Not yet sixty miles north of London, Little Dennis Teackle had already observed and visited factories dedicated to a variety of commodities.^[16]

In other terms, Little Dennis Teackle had a front seat to the Industrial Revolution.

In Coventry, Teackle made an interesting notation when visiting a silk manufactory. “The Operations in the Making [of silk],” Teackle recorded, “shew it to be a curious & delicate art – the Work is chiefly done by boys & females.”^[17] Not only did Little Dennis Teackle have a close-up view of the advance of industrialization. He also saw first-hand its brutalities with child labor being chief among them.

After engaging in typical tourist activities, Teackle departed Coventry for the hotbed of industrialization: Birmingham. Traveling solo, Teackle reached the city by midday on June 22, 1799. His first visit was to a Tanyard which, Teackle recorded, was “similar to ours, except that the Vatts are made of Brick & the Bark-Mill, is like a large Coffee Mill.” Jotting down the cost of every single piece of equipment that crossed his line of vision, Teackle proved to be more than an enthusiast. He meant to take what he learned in England to better his business acumen in the United States.^[18]

From the Tanyard, Teackle visited a gun factory owned and operated by one Mr. Ketland. In Teackle’s estimation, Ketland was a “Great-Gun Maker” who employed a large workforce of around 1,200-1,400 people. Ketland then accompanied Teackle to a sword manufactory, then to a paper tea-tray manufactory which, Teackle conceded, “is a truly very curious Business.” His tours that day continued through factories of files, knives, buttons, pipes, dyes, pipes, and carpentry tools. He even witnessed the work of Matthew Boulton, the Birmingham industrialist who, in partnership with James Watt, invented the steam engine.^[19]

Teackle saw the steam engine in-person when Boulton showed off his steam-powered machinery with which he manufactured coinage for the Russian Empire and England. Teackle and Boulton then discussed the invention, to which Boulton reckoned that “his Steam engine may be introduced into our Country [United States] with Great advantage.” Indeed, it changed the world.^[20]

Synonymous with Birmingham was the resource that made the entire Industrial Revolution possible in the first place: coal. Teackle observed dozens of coal pits. “It seems as if Providence had pointed out to every place some peculiar [benefit], as in the environs & even in the very Town there are coal Pits.”^[21]

After visiting an ancestor of William Penn in Dudley, Teackle toured a glassworks, then journeyed to nearby Wolverhampton where he engaged in that famous British pastime: drinking tea. From the Birmingham area, Teackle trekked to Penkridge where he met a woolen manufacturer, then to an earthenware manufacturer near Twemlow, and visited a few more coal pits before observing other shoe, glove, and salt manufactures. The saltworks were particularly interesting to Teackle. On June 28, 1799, he descended into a salt pit “in a bucket, 200 feet below the surface of the Earth,” Teackle emphasized in his journal that evening.^[22]

The following day, Teackle crossed the River Mersey to Liverpool aboard a lively ferry. Journeying to Liverpool with Teackle were “Human [Beings]…of every [description] in point of colour, size & deformity – to the number from 50 to 80,” Teackle recalled. “Our fellow Passengers of the Brute Creation, were not less extensive, particularly, some few Citizen Jack-asses, who seem’d determin’d to display the properties of [their] faculties – & not a little annoyed us by incessant braying.”^[23]

After an uncomfortable ferry ride, Teackle finally reached the city of Liverpool. He immediately procured a “cicerone” or guide and ventured down to the city’s famous docks. Teackle boarded a few ships, one of which being “a large Guineaman.” In other terms, Teackle had boarded a slave ship. The captain of the vessel showed Teackle “the chains & fetters, & other instruments necessary to carry on this barbarous traffic.” Teackle continued to convey his disgust. “My soul revolts at the Idea of [the transatlantic slave trade] – so great was my detestation of this infamous trade in human flesh, that I felt a considerable degree of oppression very closely bordering upon anger…I am told that the Merchants of this Town – constantly keep nearly 200 Ships employed in this Vile commerce.” He did not contain his thoughts to his journal, however, As Teackle exited the ship, he allegedly remarked “Well! I must think that every person engaged in this traffic must gotohell [sic].”^[24]

It is important to note that while Littleton Dennis Teackle seems to have shown some aversion to the transatlantic slave trade, he did not show the same disgust towards slavery as an institution. Indeed, Teackle himself would enslave human beings at his Maryland plantation shortly upon his return home and later attempted to sell them at slave markets in Baltimore.^[25]

After touring cotton manufactories near Manchester, Littleton Dennis Teackle saw his first operating railroad near the town of Marsden on July 4, 1799. “Laden with coal,” Teackle wrote, “their contents was taken from the pit some few miles distant, and, by an ingenious operation very expeditiously delivered into boats near the Town – The whole way novel & interesting.”^[26]

In mid-July 1799, Teackle descended into a coal pit near Workington. The distance into which he descended baffled Teackle. “By means of a Basket & rope,” Teackle dropped into the earth “at the distance of 140 fathoms, under ground!” Teackle also remarked that “by the same mode, the horses are let down – which are sometimes kept down, for some months, & when they are brought out they are quite blind.” Men, women, and possibly children, suffered in the coal pits. “The Men employed in this business are but little above the brute creation,” Teackle concluded. “Indeed, the lower class of the people of this country may be generally so styled, but the dismal appearance, of the Colliers makes them look peculiarly monstrous…for there are of either Sex in these dark caverns.”^[27]

Littleton Dennis Teackle and Andrew Donaldson Campbell parted soon after their initial arrival in England in May 1799 with a plan to reunite later that summer in Scotland.^[28] Teackle obtained his first sight of Scotland on July 14, 1799, when his traveling party entered Gretna Green just across the English-Scottish border. Teackle was unimpressed. “The whole country bears the aspect of gloom & poverty,” he wrote. Teackle’s negative first impression likely derived in part from the torturous travel he endured.^[29]

After passing through Gretna Green towards Douglas, Scotland, the mail coach in which Teackle was traveling broke down. “One of the Wheels had broken into many pieces,” Teackle recalled, forcing the group to walk three miles to Douglas in the blowing wind and rain. They reached Douglas at four o’clock in the morning. Teackle barely had time to dry himself out by the fire when the traveling party departed once more. But scarcely had they left Douglas before the coach’s springs broke forcing the group to walk once more to their next destination of Hamilton. Finally, the group reached Glasgow the following day where Andrew Donaldson Campbell “rush’d into [Teackle’s] apartment, his features flowing with expressions of gladness.” Finished with the wind and rain, Teackle moved into Campbell’s family’s home in Glasgow for the remainder of his tour.^[30]

Teackle visited only a few mills and factories while in Scotland. On July 20, for example, he visited a cotton mill in Lanark where he saw a “vast Machine, which employs 1500 persons [and] moved by water.” 450 boys between the ages of 5 and 14 worked at the mill whom Teackle labeled “apprentices.”^[31] Apprentices or not, Teackle continued to see how the Industrial Revolution spared few humans from working in mills and factories regardless of their age.^[32]

Most of Teackle’s time in Scotland involved socializing: visiting Loch Lomond, dining with counts, sight-seeing in Glasgow. He even saw an exhibition surgery in Edinburgh but, Teackle confessed, “as it was a spectacle not the most agreeable to my feeling I did not remain long.”^[33]

After nearly one month in Scotland, Teackle left Edinburgh for Newcastle in England’s northeast corner where he dropped down into yet another coal pit. From Newcastle, Teackle went to Sunderland, then to Durham, then to Thirsk, York and Doncaster, which he deemed “the handsomest town in England.”^[34]

Eventually, Teackle returned London where he began preparing for his trip back to the United States. If Teackle’s initial travels through England were industrial, and his later visit to Scotland was social, his last foray in London was primarily financial. His diary entries began to dry up as networking and enterprising kicked into full gear. “Little else than a close attention to Business employed me during all the past week,” Teackle wrote on September 13, 1799.^[35]

Teackle got a first-hand look at the stock exchange which he deemed “the true Bedlam of London.” “The present is a trying time among certain Merchants of this City,” Teackle wrote in September 1799. “The great depression, in the value of several discriptions [sic] of Merchanize particularly, all kinds of West India Goods – including Cotton & Tobacco – will prove fatal to many who have much property vested in those commodities, a very dreadful crash, has Already happen’d to several of the first houses in Hamburgh & have occasioned immense loses to Merchants here, & much I fear will affect Baltimore.”^[36]

His journey coming to a close, Teackle began “to be very anxious” for his return trip home. But before his departure, he scoured various London archives and churches attempting to find a trace of his ancestry, namely the Upshurs. “Every Catalogue of names, that we cou’d lay hands on in London, underwent our strict examination” at Lackington, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Bishop of London, and the Will Office. But to no avail.

Littleton Dennis Teackle: A Life of Tries, Trials, and Tribulations

Perhaps Teackle was so intent on researching the Upshurs because the marriage between himself and Elizabeth Upshur was already scheduled. However, this seems unlikely. In a letter from Elizabeth Upshur to her sister in April 1800, Elizabeth suggests that her intended marriage to Littleton was a secret.^[37] It is more likely that Teackle’s direct genealogical connection to the Upshur family influenced his research interests. Regardless, eight months after leaving London, Littleton Dennis Teackle married Elizabeth Upshur in Accomack County, Virginia. The couple then moved up the Eastern Shore to Princess Anne, Maryland, later that year.^[38]

Later in 1800, Teackle began occupying positions of importance and building business relationships. He was appointed postmaster of the town of Princess Anne in Somerset County, Maryland, in September, and formed a partnership with his father and his two uncles in an import-export company called Teackle & Co.^[39] One year later, Teackle opened a mercantile store, but sold it only three years later. It is likely he used the money from the sale of his mercantile store to buy out his partners at Teackle & Co. in 1804.^[40]

In 1801, Teackle removed two women named Sarah and Nancy formerly enslaved by Elizabeth Upshur Teackle’s late father in Virginia. Teackle subsequently enslaved them on his property Somerset County until 1834.^[41]

That same year, Littleton and Elizabeth had their first child, Elizabeth Ann Upshur Teackle.^[42] In 1805, Elizabeth Upshur Teackle bore a son who tragically died shortly after birth.^[43]

In addition to forging business connections and building his slave holdings in the early years of the 19th century, Teackle also attempted to accumulate land. In 1802, he purchased nine acres located on Beckford Plantation just outside of Princess Anne from his uncle John Dennis.^[44] It was upon this land that Teackle began work on Teackle Mansion or, as he called it “Teackletonia.”^[45]

In 1805, Teackle obtained two advantageous contracts with the United States government. First, Teackle shipped lumber to Washington, D.C. for the building of the U.S. Capitol. Later that year, he sold lumber to the U.S. navy to build ships to fight in the Barbary Wars. It is unclear whether the lumber was actually used in the building of these ships or even used to help build the original Capitol Building. But Teackle’s ability to obtain these contracts shows his efforts to build his network.^[46]

Teackle continued to diversify his business practices in 1807 when he opened a business office at Barney’s Hotel on the corner of Light Street and Lovely Lane in Baltimore. He even planned to move his family to Georgetown near Washington, D.C. the same year. But financial distress quickly bore down on Teackle. In October 1807, Teackle relinquished ownership of his property, including Teackletonia, and transferred them to his father in order to relieve the burden of his debts.^[47]

Teackle’s financial situation did not improve. In 1808, he sold Elizabeth Upshur Teackle’s 690-acre inheritance on Upshur’s Neck, Virginia, to regulate his debts.^[48] Three years later, Teackle lost a lawsuit worth $20,200 brought against him by three English businessmen. And in 1812, the Teackles temporarily lost their title to the unfinished Teackle Mansion.^[49]

Despite his financial woes, Teackle was appointed the first president of the Bank of Somerset in Princess Anne. Even though the position was intended to be nominal, financial ruined followed Teackle there, too. In December 1815, Teackle finally satisfied the debts he incurred on personal property in 1807 and was able to regain ownership of his house. After leaving the Bank of Somerset in 1817, Teackle established the Steam Company of Princess Anne although this venture, too, was unsuccessful.^[50]

The Teackle Mansion was finally completed in 1818-1819. It was the product of a whirlwind of successes and failures. As one scholar described the structure:

“The entire ensemble contained more than two dozen rooms, including an interior marble-laid bath and underground cistern, and was by far the most opulent dwelling in the region. The mansion, furnishings, and gardens were sustained by Teackle’s diverse mercantile portfolio, which extended to banking, shipping and importing foreign goods, supplying the United States Navy with timber, and operating one of the earliest steam-powered gristmills in the region. Yet, the success of Teackle’s schemes fluctuated wildly, buoyed by economic prosperity and brought low by war, recession, and acts of God such as fires and hurricanes”^[51]

The Bank of Somerset dissolved in 1820 and legal action was taken against Littleton Dennis Teackle.^[52] Teackle lost the case Bank of Somerset v. Littleton Dennis Teackle in November 1820 and lost possession of Teackletonia once again.^[53] Declared an insolvent debtor, Teackle’s property was auctioned off in a sheriff’s sale in April 1821. Teackle sold nearly everything in his possession except those he enslaved. In 1822, after being briefly imprisoned in Baltimore, Teackle sold all the property he had inherited from his father to his brother-in-law, John Eyre. That same year, he was thrown out of the Masonic Lodge “for contempt of the Lodge and unmasonic conduct as a member.”^[54]

Elizabeth Upshur Teackle tried to salvage her family’s prosperity. In 1822, while Littleton remained imprisoned for debt, she penned a desperate letter to United States Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford in which she pleaded for assistance: 


“With acute pain I have seen my dear Mr. Teackle struggle for a series of years, against the tide of distress & disappointments, which has, at length, overwhelmed his fortune, & sunk his tender family in poverty. Added to these calamities, the natural result of the general difficulty of the times, he has had to contend with the persecution of private enemies (& what man has them not), who have misrepresented him, & thrown difficulties in his way at every turning.—Had I, sir, another fortune to give him, & wou’d God I had, joyfully wou’d resign it to relieve his mind from the pain which I know he feels, & which every honest heart will feel, under a sense of obligation beyond his power to answer. Sir, I had griev’d to witness the anguish of his liberal mind, & I have honoured him for the unremitting efforts he has made to pay his just debts, & to save his family from beggary.—Debts which were incurred with a view, not only to his own emolument, but likewise to the advantage of the community where he resides.—So far from harbouring a wish to defraud the publick, he has ever been it’s friend, & the majority of people here, acknowledge his publick spirit, his benevolence to the poor, & his usefulness to this community.”^[55]

Elizabeth’s letter does not seem to have made a difference. But upon Teackle’s release, he embarked on a small political career. Oddly, his history as a debtor seems to have had no bearing on his social position, which likely speaks to the commonplace nature of debt and debtor’s prison in Early American society. Teackle was elected as one of Somerset County’s representatives to the Maryland House of Delegates in Annapolis in 1822. He lost his re-election bid in 1823, won in 1824. He would serve in the State House every year except 1833 until 1835.^[56]

During his years as a politician, Teackle sold his personal property to relatives and friends. He and Elizabeth maintained residence at Teackle Mansion. He peppered Thomas Jefferson with correspondence (though he never received a fully invested response from the former president), inquired about positions in the foreign service with Henry Clay, and wrote financial schemes to Martin van Buren. None of which came to any sort of fruition.

Teackle’s brother-in-law, John Eyre, stepped in to purchase Teackle Mansion in 1828 in order to protect the property from Teackle’s constantly looming creditors. In 1831, Eyre transferred the property to Elizabeth Ann Upshur Teackle.^[57] Elizabeth Ann eventually deeded Teackle Mansion back to her father in 1839 around the time she married Aaron B. Quinby in Baltimore.

Throughout the 1830s, Littleton Dennis Teackle’s career was sprinkled with venturous ideas each of which turned out to be unsuccessful. He was appointed the state’s first commissioner of public schools in Maryland, but the system was never implemented. He finished runner-up in the race for Maryland Speaker of the House. He chaired a legislative committee to considered petitions for a state bank only to have the bill rejected. He was elected president of the Eastern Shore Railroad Company, but that venture, too, proved unsuccessful.^[58]

Teackle moved to Baltimore in 1847, established a “new campaign paper” called The National Democrat in 1848, and sold his remaining property. In November 1848, Teackle died at the Exchange Hotel in Baltimore with a net worth of $21 (~ $830 USD 2024), five dollars of which was used to transport his body back to Princess Anne.^[59]